The city is a major goal of the Muslims in performing the Hajj [1], where in this city there is a main building called the Grand Mosque with Kaaba in it. And building the Kaaba is the Qibla direction benchmark for worship prayers Muslims around the world. And in the Muslim holy city is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad.
In the Quran, the city is also called 11 different names [2].
Geographical
The city of Mecca is located about 600 miles south of Medina, about 200 miles northeast of the city of Jeddah. The city is a narrow valley surrounded by mountains with building the Kaaba at the center 21 ° 25'24 "N 39 ° 49'24" E / 21.42333 ° N 39.82333 ° E / 21.42333; 39.82333 (Makkah Al Mukarramah) . Thus, in the old days when the city is prone to flooding in the rainy season before the Saudi Arabian government to improve the city and renovate the city. Like most cities in Saudi Arabia, the city is temperate desert.
HistoryUrban development is inseparable from the existence of Mecca the Prophet Ishmael and Hagar as the first inhabitants of this city that are placed by Abraham at God's command [4]. In the development of emerging people Jurhum who eventually live there. In the next period the city was led by the Quraysh, which is the main clans or tribes in the Arabian Peninsula because it has custody of the Kaaba. This tribe is renowned in the field of trade even in those days they were known to the trade activity of Damascus, Palestine and Africa. Figure as head of the tribes of Quraysh is Qussai, followed by Abdul Muttalib.
In the year 571, Prophet Muhammad's direct descendant of Prophet Ismail and Qussai, born in this city and growing up. First received revelations from God, but rejected his teachings of his people at that time still in the darkness of thought (Jahilliyah) so the move to Medina. After developing Medina, the prophet Muhammad finally returned to Mecca in the mission of liberating the city of Mecca without bloodshed known as (Fathul Makkah).
In the next period of Mecca under the administration of four caliphs based in Medina, and the Caliph who was then in power in Damascus (Ummayyah Dynasty), Baghdad (Abbasid) and Turkey (Ottoman). Then after the collapse of the caliphate system, the city was united under the government of Saudi Arabia by Abdul Aziz ibn Saud who later became a servant for the two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina.
GovernmentThe system of administration city of Mecca, headed by a mayor (called Amir) designated by the Saudi Arabian government and aided by the majlis council elected by the local community as much as fourteen people. Mecca is also the capital city of Mecca Province, where since May 16, 2007, who was appointed governor of the province is Prince Khalid Al Faisal [5].
EconomyThe city is known as a trading city of Mecca, in the past known by the trade routes between Yemen-Mecca-Medina-Damsyiq (Damascus) with an income of departure once the caravan up to 600,000 pounds. Besides known city of trade, the economy also rests with the farming and ranching as well as services for pilgrims including hospitality and lodging businesses.
EducationAs the center of the Islamic religion in addition to Medina, the city has a center of education and learning centers of Islam. Formal education has been developed since the end of the Ottoman period continued slowly until later in 1912, Muhammad Ali Zaynal ʿ Ridha, a trader from Jeddah, founded Madrasah al-Falah in Mecca at a cost of £ 400,000 at that time [6].
Until in 2005, in Mecca there are 532 public or private schools for men and 681 public or private schools for female students [7].
While the college was first founded in this city is around 1949, with the name of al-Shar'ía Kulliyyat, which later became the Faculty Shar'iah of King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah [8].
Grand MosqueHaram, sometimes also called the Masjid al-Haram or al-Masjid al-Haram (Arabic: المسجد الحرام), is a mosque located in the city of Makkah Al Mukharamah, which was built around the Kaaba, the direction of the Qibla of Muslims in the work worship prayer.Also at the mosque is one of the pillars of the pilgrimage that Muslims must do the tawaf, around the Kaaba seven times.
As the Muslim holy city, according to the laws in force in Saudi Arabia, for Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the city of Mecca [9].
KaabaKaaba (Arabic: الكعبة) is a building that is approaching the form of a cube located in the middle of the Grand Mosque in Mecca. This building is a monument sacred to Muslims. And this building is the benchmark Qiblah direction for worship prayer for Muslims around the world.
Zamzam WaterZamzam (Arabic: زمزم) is the name of the water obtained from an underground spring water wells located within the Haram area, southeast of the Kaaba, with a depth of about 42 meters. Zamzam water is a major source of clean water for the city of Mecca. In addition to water consumed for drinking, water is also used as a water wuduk for pilgrims who will perform worship to pray in the Haram.Berwuduk pilgrims from Zamzam water
Cities in the HajjThe entrance to the Haram and the Hotel Dar Al Tawheed
In addition to Mecca, city or area used in the worship of Hajj namely Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat, then terdapa city or area used by pilgrims to begin the procession, among others, Bir Ali or Dzulkulaifah outside the city of Medina as a benchmark of pilgrims coming from Medina , and Qarnul Manazil or Yalamlam for pilgrims coming from the direction of Yemen.
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